Which of the following describes common adverse effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

• A. Rash and photosensitivity
• B. Flatulence, cramps, diarrhea, abdominal distention, and decreased iron absorption
• C. Nausea, vomiting, and constipation
• D. Headache, dizziness, and insomnia

Answer: (B)

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow the breakdown of complex carbohydrates in the small intestine. That means more undigested carbs reach the colon, where bacteria ferment them, causing gas and water retention in the gut. The result is the classic GI side effects: flatulence, cramps, diarrhea, and abdominal distention. They can also reduce iron absorption with long-term use. This combination of symptoms is typical for this drug class, distinguishing it from the other options that list effects not characteristically tied to these inhibitors.