Which of the following is an SGLT-2 inhibitor?

• A. Acarbose
• B. Glipizide
• C. Canagliflozin
• D. Insulin

Answer: (C)

SGLT-2 inhibitors work by blocking the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidney’s proximal tubule, which reduces glucose reabsorption and increases glucose excretion in the urine, lowering blood glucose levels independent of insulin. Canagliflozin is part of this drug class, so it fits the mechanism exactly. The other options work through different pathways: acarbose slows carbohydrate absorption in the gut by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase; glipizide stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells (a sulfonylurea); and insulin is the external hormone used to lower blood glucose. Thus, canagliflozin is the correct choice.